FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA
Mangos teen Fruit

Mangos teen is a fruit plant a tree from a shady tropical forests in Southeast Asia, namely Malaysia or Indonesia jungle. From Southeast Asia, the plant is spread to Central America and other tropical regions such as Sri Lanka, Malagasy, Caribbean, Hawaii and Northern Australia. In Indonesia, the mangos teen is called by various names such as manggu local (West Java), Manggus (Lampung), Manggusto (North Sulawesi), Manggista (West Sumatra).

Mangos teen fruit can be presented in the form of fresh, as canned fruit, made syrup / juice. Traditionally mangos teen is a cure ulcers, hemorrhoids and wounds. The rind is used as dyes for textiles including water boiled and used as traditional medicine. The trunk is used as a building material, firewood / crafts.


There are three clones’ mangos teen, namely:

Groups: leaf length> 20 cm width of> 10 cm; rind thickness> 9 mm; diameter pieces> 6.5 cm fruit weight> 140 grams; fruit bunches per 1 point.Groups are: leaf length 17-20 cm width 8.5 to 10 cm thick rind of 6-9 mm, diameter 5.5 to 6.5 cm in fruit; fruit weight 70-140 grams; fruit per cluster 1-2 grains.
Small groups: leaf length <17 cm width <8.5 cm rind thickness <6 mm; fruit diameter <5.5 cm fruit weight <70 grams; fruit per cluster> 2 grains. Clones developed are MBS1, MBS2, MBS3, MBS4, MBS5, MBS6 and MBS 7.

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA
Guava Fruit Water

Guava water comes from the Indo China and Indonesia, spread to Malaysia and the islands of the Pacific. All this is concentrated as garden plants for home consumption. Guava fruit is not only sweet water refreshing, but has the diversity in appearance. Guava Fruit Water (Eugenia aqua Burma) considered one of the fruits of potential that has not been touched its cultivation for commercial purposes.

It’s easy to foul a critical issue that needs to be solved. The fruit can be said to be skinned, so little physical damaged fruit will hasten the rotting fruit.

In addition, there are 2 types of guava is widely planted, but they are not so conspicuous difference. The two types are Syzygies quaeum (small water guava) and Syzygium samarangense (large water guava). Large guava varieties namely: guava Semarang, Madura, Candles (super sweet), Apples and Cincalo (red and green / white) and guava types are: Camplong (Bangkalan), Buttons, Rose (pink palace), Sukaluyu , Baron, Shocked, Rojak, Neem, Bell (super heavy), and Manalagi (without seeds). While most commercial varieties are Cincalo and Semarang, each of which consists of 2 types (red and white).

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA
In general, water guava eaten fresh, but can also be made puree, syrup, jelly, jam / preserves the form of the other. Aside from being "a table" water guava also has a sophisticated fine dining with made salads and fruit cocktail. Important chemical content of the guava is sugar and vitamin C. Fruit ripe guava sweet, besides also served as table fruit for salad and pickles. Sometimes the bark can be used as medicine.

According to statistics from the Office of Food Crops, West Java, Khanewal district, Tangerang, Bogor, Sukabumi, Cianjur, Bandung, Garut, Cirebon, Subang and Bekasi including 10 major centers guava tree planting. Cincalo red guava is widely available in Karachi and is famous for its guava Bolang which when ripe scarlet blue with sweet-sour taste of fresh water while Jambu Semarang (red and white) are common in Indramayu.

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA
Duku fruit

Duku Fruit (Lansium domesticum Corr) is a tree fruit crop from Indonesia. Now the population of fruit duku already widespread throughout the archipelago. In addition there is mention duku fruit comes from Southeast Asia West, the Gulf of Thailand in the west to Borneo in the east. Duku fruits still found growing wild or become wild again in the region and are one of the major fruit cultivation.

Duku fruit types are widely grown in Indonesia is a superior kind of fruit such as fruit duku Komering, fruit duku Condet and fruit duku metesih.

The main benefit duku plants as food fresh fruit or other processed foods. Another useful section is a light brown wood hard and durable, used for house poles, furniture handles and so on. Fruit peel and seeds can also be used as an anti-diarrhea medication and drugs to cure fever. While bark that tastes sepet used to treat dysentery, while the bark powder is used to cure scorpion bites.

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA
Sapodilla fruit

Sawo called Newberry or sapodillas is the fruit of plants from Guatemala (Central America), Mexico and the West Indies. But in Indonesia, sapodilla plant has long been known and widely planted from the lowlands to the place with a height of 1200 m above sea level, such as in Java and Madura.

A close cousin tan can be divided into two types, namely:

Wild or Sapodilla Forest: Close relatives such as wild brown: brown kecik and brown cape. Kecik sapodilla or sapodilla Java (Manilkara kauki L. Dubard.) Sawo kecik used as an ornamental or shade plant yard. Tall trees reaching 15-20 feet, thickened and drought resistant. Tree wood is great for carving made and expensive. Brown cape (Minuses Remember) had small pieces of yellow colored magenta, rarely eaten, often used as an ornamental plant, or plant protection at the edges of the road.
Sawo Cultivation: Based on the form of fruit, sapodilla cultivation divided into two types, namely:
Sawo Manilas: manila brown oval fruit, thick flesh, contains a lot of water and sweetened. Included in the group of brown manila include: Kulon sapodilla, sapodilla betawi, brown rust, brown malaysia, brown and tan alkesa maja.
Sawo Apples: apples Sapodilla fruit is characterized by a round or ovoid fruit like apples, small to rather large and gummy lot. Included in this group are brown apple: apple brown coconut, apple brown wax and sawoDuren

Benefits of Sapodilla plant as food is fresh fruit or processed food ingredients such as ice cream, jam syrup or fermented into wine or vinegar. In addition, other benefits of brown plants in human life are:

Greening plants in arid lands and critical.
Potted plants and dispensaries life for families;
Fruit crops are highly nutritious, and can be sold on the domestic and foreign economies that are the source of income for the family and the state;
Sap crops for industrial raw materials of chewing gum;
Plants producing very good wood for making furniture.


Sapodilla fruit cultivation is widespread in almost all of Indonesia. In 1990 there were brown-growing areas in 22 provinces, with the exception of NTT, Maluku, Irian Jaya and East Timor. Province including five major categories Sentra tan producers in 1993 were West Java, Central Java, East Java, IN Yogyakarta, and West Kalimantan. Production and international trade brown manila very popular in Southeast Asia. Statistics show that the region is a major producer of fruit is brown manila. In 1987, Thailand produced 53 650 tons of the total 18,950 ha, the Philippines produces 11 900 tones from 4780 ha of land, and Peninsular Malaysia produces 15,000 tons of 1,000 ha of land.

Jackfruit ( Nangka )

Jackfruit

(Art Carpus Lamk heterophyllus)

1. A BRIEF HISTORY

Jackfruit is a fruit tree crop that originated in India and spread to the tropics, Including Indonesia. In Indonesia, this tree has several regional names such as Nongko / jackfruit (Java, Gorontalo), Langge (Gorontalo), Anane (Ambon), lumasa / malasa (Lampung), nanal or krour (Irian Jaya), jackfruit (Sunda). Some foreign names are: jackfruit, jack (UK), jackfruit (Malaysia), kapiak (Papua New Guinea), liangka (Philippines), peignai (Myanmar), khnaor (Cambodia), mimiz, miiz hnang (laos), khanun (Thailand ), mit (Vietnam).

2. TYPES OF PLANTS

In Indonesia, more than 30 cultivars in Java, there are more than 20 cultivars. Based on the figure and size of the jackfruit tree is divided into two groups, namely the jackfruit tree fruit and mini fruit jackfruit tree.

1) Large fruit Jackfruit: reaching 20-30 m tall; stem diameter at 80 cm and age from about 5-10 years to bear fruit.

2) small fruit Jackfruit: reaching 6-9 m tall; Reaches 15-25 cm stem diameter and age Began to bear fruit about 18-24 months.

Under conditions of jackfruit pulp can be divided into three types, namely:

Jackfruit pulp: pulp thin, somewhat fibrous, soft, flavorful hard easily separated from the fruit.

Jackfruit barked: flesh thick, slightly dry aroma is less harsh. (Jackfruit and jackfruit boar bones)

Jackfruit Camped: flesh thin, pliant and aromatic specific. Superior jackfruit varieties grown in Indonesia, namely: jackfruit billing / boar jackfruit, jackfruit Camped, jack tray, thick jackfruit, jackfruit turmeric, red jackfruit, jackfruit bark, mini jackfruit and jackfruit misin.

3. BENEFIT PLANT

Young jackfruit pulp (towel) used as vegetable food.

Jackfruit seed flour is used as raw material for the food industry (food ingredients mixed).

Young leaves can be used as animal feed.

Jackfruit wood is Considered superior to teak for furniture manufacturing, construction lathe, mast, mast horses and stables for cattle (in Priangan), paddles, tools, and musical instruments.

Jackfruit tree can be used as traditional medicine.

4. PLANTING CENTER

Fruit is even considered as the main staple food during food shortages. In Southeast Asia, jackfruit is mainly kept in the yard and orchard fruit mix: in the 1980's some extensive fruit orchard planted jackfruit as intercropping plants with Jackfruit. Because the fruit is easy to rot, do not export trade to Australia, Europe and so on from canning factories in Malaysia.

5. GROWING CONDITIONS

5.1. Climate

Wind plays a role in helping pollinate flowers on the plant jackfruit.

Jackfruit trees suitable to grow in areas that have the average annual rainfall of 1500-2500 mm and the dry season are not too hard. Jackfruit can be grown in dry areas are in areas that have dry months over 4 months

Sunlight is needed to spur jackfruit photosynthesis and growth, because trees are intolerant. Lack of sunlight can lead to disruption of the formation of flowers and fruit and growth.

The average minimum temperatures of 16-21 degrees C and Maximum Temperatures from 31 to 31.5 degrees Celsius

High humidity Necessary to reduce evaporation.

5.2. Growing Media

Jackfruit trees are maintained in different types of soil, but more pleasure from alluvial, sandy clay / clay argillaceous deep and well irrigated.

Generally, the preferred soil is loose and sandy soil. This tree lives on barren land to fertile soil with acidic reaction conditions to alkalis. Even in the peat soil was this tree can grow and produce fruit.

Jackfruit trees are resistant to low pH (acid soil) with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, but the optimum pH of 6-7.

Water depth of suitable soil for the growth of jackfruit is 1-2 m or between 1-2.5 m. Because the roots are very deep, it should be planted in the soil top layer thick enough (about 1 m).

5.3. The Altitude

Jackfruit tree can grow from start lowlands to 1300 m altitude. But the best altitude for growing jackfruit is between 0-800 m above sea level.

6. Cultivation guidelines

6.1. Nurseries

1) Requirements for Seed

Generally jackfruit plant propagation is done by using the seeds, because multiplication with graft or grafting only a small percentage will be. This may be due to latex content that may inhibit the process of unity. Selection made since the time when you want to get jackfruit seedlings that are superior (rapid Fruition, Able to produce a lot of fruit quality and resistance to Pests and diseases). Some things to consider in choosing a good seed are:

Seed should come from superior types or varieties (high production, good quality fruit, long-lived and resistant to Pests and diseases).

Seedlings should be healthy roommates can be seen from the figure the solid, strong stems, and grows straight upright, branching many and the upper leaves of fresh green and shiny.

2) Preparation of Seeds

Treatment includes washing the seeds carefully to remove the skin and discard seeds slimy pericarp part in the form of horns; treatment will improve germination. Seeds sown while still fresh, and if Necessary short-term storage, the seed should not be allowed to dry out. The seed, roommates owns 40% of the original water content and stored in a watertight plastic container, with Temperatures of 20 degrees C is still able to germinate for 3 months. Under conditions of adequate germination can be initiated after 10 days and germination percentage of 80-100% within a period of 35-40 days after sowing. Seeds should be placed horizontally or hilumnya face down for germination. How jackfruit tree breeding by grafting requires special skills and experience and Becomes a low percentage. Advantages include faster fruitful and Mother Nature can diturunkan.Tanaman used as the base of the seedling is jackfruit / Cempedak the origin of the seeds.

How okulasinya are as follows:

Cut a wooden eye (eye entraps) from jackfruit trunk, with skin approximately 2 cm above to 2 cm below the eye. Carried Wood disposed of carefully to the eye growing point is not damaged.

Cut the base of the tree bark, about 10-20 cm above the root collar with a width of 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm in length. Ungkitlah of wood and kukit tongue was cut in half. Put your eye to the base of the tongue under the bark of trees, in such a way, the eye is still visible above the bark tongue cut out. Then tie with raffia and eyes still sticking out (not to be crushed).

At the successful grafting, after 8-14 days raffia rope should be discarded. When the shoots are growing throughout 1-10 cm, tie shoots at the top of the tree, so that shoots grow straight and not damaged because the wind rocked. Materials for graft taken from young branches / twigs had been in the tree branches / twigs new buds are buds on a branch or twig that has not been productive. Implants done before the rainy season so that the roots can grow well. However, an implant done in the dry season, but should be watered regularly.

How grafting done by peeling skin around 3-5 cm in width. Wounds that have been created are allowed to dry in contact with winds 1-2 days. Then the upper wound hormone Root oiled one F, and then covered with soil or humus berkompos that has been moistened and covered with coconut fiber or plastic roommates has been given little holes.

3) Seed Seeding Technique

Seeds sown / planted into plastic bags roommates are available in a deep bed of thick seed, after it closed down a thin layer of soil. Seeds will germinate with an average germination rate and percent to ± 90% of plants. Dipotkan young seedlings at the latest after the leafy four strands, as older seedlings difficult to transplanting (transplanting). This difficulty can be overcome by 1-2 sow seeds directly into the container. Most suitable seedlings kept in the shade (50-70% intensity of full sunlight).

4) Maintenance Nurseries / Seeding

For seedlings from seeds, watering is done regularly every morning. Seedbed should be a shade that is not too tight and facing eastwards in order to prevent too rapid evaporation of water. Of grafted seedlings, watering can is done every day Regularly to Prevent dryness. Watering is done when there is no rain. Seedling of grafts should be removed when a new shade that does not Wither.

5) Transfer of Seeds

Seedlings to be transported to the field plantings should be watered first. Transportation to field planting seeds in the morning or afternoon and be done with caution. Demolition of seedlings in the field is done carefully as in the transport. If the transport distance far enough seeds, the seeds of roommates had been demolished Earlier admitted some days before planting. These seeds (from seed) can be planted in the ground when she was young once, before the roots grow out of the pot, the roots can cause disruption to the deadly seed. Seedlings should have a size 50-75 cm tall and aged 1-1 1/2 months. Of grafted seedlings can be planted in the field at the age of 6-8 months. If the length of shoots had reached 2-30 cm, cut the top of the base of the tree and the wound closed paraffin. For grafting should be done during clear weather and no rain. Seeds of grafts, usually after 1 to 2.5 months, many rooted cuttings and grafts can be taken. Once weaned a few days, grafts can be planted in the field.

6.2. Media Processing Plant

1) Preparation

Before planting activities undertaken, to do site inspection and determined based on the results of field boundaries areal.Faktor factors that affect the growth of crops such as jackfruit weeds, standing water, soil structure and texture patterns should be addressed / controlled. For that act of cleaning the field in total, setting drainage and tillage, especially in the planting hole to be made.

2) Establishment of beds

Some of the provisions that need to be considered in making nursery beds as follows:

Size beds vary but are typically used between 5 x1 x 1 m and 10 m.

Seedbed arcing north to south direction and edges reinforced with bamboo, bricks, or wood and elevated surface 10-15 cm of the soil surface.

Between beds is 0:45 m and 5-10 m beds made every road checks around 60-100 m.

Drains made along the left and right hearing.

Seedbed given shade with palm roofs or slalom. Section facing east is higher than that facing the West.

In a prepared seedbed plastic bags that have been filled with growing medium and have been given small holes in the bottom. The media used to grow soil mix topsoil, organic fertilizer, and fine sand in the ratio 2:1:1. Plastic bags used size 20 x 30 cm with a thickness of 0:08 mm and black.

3) Liming

If the soil pH is too acidic or alkaline it is Necessary to do some effort to the make jackfruit can grow and provide optimal results. If too acidic (pH <5) lime can be added, if it is too alkaline (pH> 7) can be added sulfur. The dose depends on the condition of the land, but as a guideline of 1 kg of lime or sulfur to 1 m 3 planting hole.

4) Fertilization

In the planting hole, soil excavation results manure mixed with 20 kg / pit and dolomite, 0.5 kg / hole (to raise pH). Soil mixture is inserted into the whole 2-3 weeks before planting. A week before planting grant NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) 100 grams into the planting hole.

6.3. Planting Techniques

1) Determination of Cropping Pattern

Pattern-yard effort in the land is planting around the house. This result is not merely to sell but mostly for their own consumption. While the pattern of the planting gardens in a much wider area of ​​the yard with a consideration of the results to meet their market requirements, capital and labor reasonably available and in accordance with the requirements of the land where grown jackfruit. Business pattern can be shaped garden plants gardens garden pure and mixed crops. In gardens planted purely plant one crop that is entirely planted jackfruit. While in the garden mix, mixed jackfruit tree pineapple, papaya, and so on. Jackfruit trees are maintained in the orchard planted within 8-12 m, in a square or hexagon pattern: a general density was 100-120 stems / ha. Cropping distance between the planting hole 12 x 12 m or 4 x 6 m. 2) Preparation and Planting hole made Planting hole size of 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m or 1 x 1 x 0.5 m. At the time of excavation pits, upper soil is separated from the lower ground. Upper soil mixed with manure that has been cooked up to 20 kg per hole. The hole has been excavated soil is left open for 1-2 weeks, in order to get sunlight so well oxidized. To avoid acid soil constraints, dugouts mixed with dolomite / agricultural lime as much as 0.5 to 1 kg per planting hole and soil mixture is inserted into the whole 2-3 weeks before planting. For Soils that are too heavy, besides tilling sand may be added as much as 0.5 cans per hole. A week before planting grant NPK (15-15 - 15) 100 grams into the planting hole if Necessary. Seed yield or grafting seedlings planted upright and firm in the middle of the planting hole. The distance between the planting whole 12 x 12 meters and 4 x 6 meters

3) How Planting

Planting late afternoon or early morning at the beginning of the rainy season when rainfall is fairly evenly. Seedlings planted in the holes that are already available, perpendicular. Before the seed is planted, plastic bags must be removed. If planting is done outside of the rainy season or due to climatic abnormalities, namely the rainy season turned into dry again suddenly, the seeds that have been planted have to be watered regularly.

4) Making Holes in Mulch

Mulching around the jackfruit tree is very necessary, especially during the dry season to improve soil moisture. However, during the rainy season because the mulch is not Necessary to bring fungal attack. Mulch can also be incorporated into the soil as fertilizer organizational; administration of two times per year greatly helped the growth of plants. Compound fertilizer plant made in Malaysia with a dose of 2-3 kg per tree.

6.4. Plant Maintenance

1) Spacing and Stitching

Stitching plants were carried out in the rain still falling in the first year and second year.

2) Weeding

Weeding or free plants from weeds or plant bully attack is done by clearing weeds manually / chemical properties of jackfruit plant with a radius of 1-2 m. Weed control using herbicides such as Chemically Parasol 1.5 liters in 600 liters of water per hectare or Roundup 2-3 liters in 800 liters of water / ha. The first weeding is done 1-2 months after planting, and then every 2-4 months were Carried out for 2-3 years. Weeding is done by hand or chemically.

3) Fertilization

Organic fertilizers such as manure or compost fertilizer 1-2 times a year as much as 20 kg per plant. Inorganic fertilizer made one week after planting at a dose of 100 g NPK per plant. Fertilization second at the age of 6 months at a dose of 150 g NPK per plant. The third fertilization performed on the plant life of 12 months at a dose of 200 grams per plant. Fertilization fourth at the age of 18 months at a dose of 250 grams per plant and fifth fertilization performed on the plant life of 24 months at a dose of 300 grams per plant. Furthermore, for plants that are not flowering in the fertile soil of organic fertilizer can be added to 650 grams / tree.

Rise to additional fertilizer plants need leaves to stimulate the formation of leaves. Leaf fertilizer made after 2 weeks until the plants age of 17 months. Type of foliar fertilizer used Gandasil D / Bayfolan.

4) Irrigation and Watering

Jackfruit plants require good drainage. Irrigation is needed to increase of productivity. Jackfruit plants have roots in, does not require flooding during the dry season due to lack of tolerant plant jackfruit puddle. Its roots are Able to absorb water in the soil. Provision of additional water required during the first two years of growth.

5) Other Maintenance

Prune the plant parts that are not fertile and productive. Pruning branches conducted on jackfruit tree so lush entitled unobstructed sunlight to stimulate flowering. Pruning is limited to shoot thinning when trees Began to be planted and little cutting branches containing fruit to make it Easier to reach the fruit wrapped and then harvested. Pruning branches intended to regulate conception, because the female flowers appear on the main trunk or primary branches. Stimulation of flowering is done by wounding, drill / tie rod. Purpose of treatment to inhibit the assimilation proceeds in order not meyebar leaves to all parts of the plant, but to stimulate flowering. In order jackfruit and the results are good, do fruit thinning. The fruit that started growing them in a bag / paper that has dicelupakan cement into the insecticide solution. Can also be wrapped with woven leaves, for example using palm leaves or coconut matting. This action can deterministic rats or bats attack, and compelling to Repel ants and other insects in order to OBTAIN Whose fruit skin is smooth and bright.

7. Pests and diseases

7.1. Pest

Caterpillars are daphnia causals shoot borers, creating a tunnel through the buds, young shoots, and fruit. Cutting the affected Deciding leaves for caterpillars life will become pupa in the tunnel; fruit wrapped or covered with sprayed insecticide Théoden 35 EC. Fueling bark; such as caterpillars and Backer rufomaculata Indarbela tetraonis eradicated with their funk holes / sprayed with a systemic insecticide containing the active ingredient Charbroil (Sevin 85 S). Snout beetles (Weevil) attacking brown buds, Ochyromera artocarpi, a typical pest jackfruit. Tempayaknya (grubs) into the bud and fruit is still soft, the adults feed on the leaves. Parts of plants attacked destroyed and required insecticide. Menyeruaknya winged beetle membranes (Spittle bug), Cosmoscarata relate, eating young leaves. Nymphs live together in a mass of foam roommates is secreted by them; nymphs collected and destroyed. The larvae of the fruit fly are Daces dorsal and D. Often cumbrous attacks the fruit. To avoid attacks, jackfruit should be wrapped; fruits are ripe or overripe bergeletakkan not be allowed on the ground, but should be buried in the grave, and spraying the temple to do. Other Pests are an assortment of sucking insects, such as flea's flour, aphids, white flies, and 'trips', also caterpillar's adhesive leaves (leaf Webber). Jackfruit other Pests are beetles Heliopolis (Mirada, Hemisphere). Ladybug nymphs and adults suck the fluid young plant parts (leaves and fruit). Egg size 1.5 m, laid out in a way stuck into the plant tissue. The Incubation period is 5-7 days. Nymph and adult ladybugs varies color, green or yellow-black and orange-yellow. Experiencing 5 times during instar. Ladybug adults ranged from 6.5 to 7.5 mm in length with the ability to lay up to 18 eggs. Several natural enemies such as the form of the parasite are Euphoric Heliopolis, Heliopolis Erythmelus and as predators are Sycuans leucomesus, Isyndrus sp. and Cosmolestes pities. To control the population is controlled by natural enemies usually when high Populations do with insecticides such Lunate 25 WP, Atabron 50EC.

7.2. Disease

Bacteria die flunky (Erwinia carotovora) are attacking jackfruit tree, also Cempedak. Mushrooms were first attacked the shoots and down next to the header. Violent attacks kill the tree. In India Reportedly attack root rot and stem rot by Rhizopus fungi that cause loss artocarpi plants up to 15-30%. This fungus is generally subjugating flower buds. Some diseases are quite important between Colletotrichum lagenarium, artocarpina Phomopsis, Septoria artocarpi and Corticium salmon color. Mushrooms are mostly strike during the rainy season. Cutting the plants are attacked will also built a lot of the attacks, in addition field sanitation and fertilization can improve plant health.

8. HARVEST

8.1. Characteristics and Harvest

Fruit maturity is determined by the following criteria:

If the fruit is pounded with objects (egg knife back) will sound loud.

Changes in fruit color from pale green to yellow-green or brown.

Removing the characteristic odor or smells good.

Soft start and distance prickly thorn with a thorn of the other more broadly

Looks like fruit leather will break.

8.2. How to Harvest

How plucking ripe jackfruit is cut with a sharp knife handles and jackfruit was lowered carefully. Large jackfruit tree that bears fruit at the age of 5-10 years, while mini jack at the age of 1.5 to 2 years. In general, ripe fruit after 8 months since the flowers appear.

8.3. Harvest Period

Age 20-30 years maximum fruit production, since it has to be rejuvenated. Results of fruit per year per tree vary generally range 8-12 fruits / tree / year.

9. Postharvest

9.1. Collection

Jackfruit collected by the contractor or taken directly to the market and sold to retailers or cleaved and released one at a time to be sold directly to consumers.

9.2. Storage

Often jackfruit pulp is extracted, cleaned, and sold in a state of fresh extracts. If the supply is abundant, preserved jackfruit, how is this: fruit pulp separated from seeds, then washed, flattened, and dried added sugar or syrup, or without being given anything? Processed is sold as a dry cake. In peninsular Malaysia were canning.

9.3. Other Handling

Meat used to scent jackfruit ice cream and drinks / used honey jackfruit, concentrates, or flour and used in the manufacture of beverages. Jackfruit seeds can be made into jackfruit seed flour mixed one in the whole wheat flour for bread making. Use of jackfruit seed flour as a partial substitution of wheat flour in making cookies and BMC (Mixed Groceries).

Source: http://ristek.go.id

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

Rambutan fruit (Nephelium sp.)

   BRIEF HISTORY RAMBUTAN FRUIT

   Rambutan (Nephelium sp.) Is a horticultural crops such as fruit trees with family Sapindacaeae. This tropical fruit crops in English is called Hairy Fruit from Indonesia. Until now it has spread outside in tropical regions such as the Philippines and other countries of Latin America and is also found on the mainland that has a sub-tropical climate.

   TYPES RAMBUTAN FRUIT

   Based on the survey that was conducted there were 22 types of rambutan from either pure or results of grafting or merger of the two types with different strains. The characteristics that distinguish each type of fruit rambutan views of the nature (of the flesh of the fruit, water content, shape, color, length of hair). From a number of types of rambutan rambutan above just a few of the popular varieties cultivated by selecting people and relatively high economic value such as:

   1.Rambutan Rapiah fruit is not too heavy but high quality fruit, colored green-yellow-red-haired little uneven with sparse, sweet flesh and a little dry, chewy, ngelotok and thick flesh, with the durability to achieve 6 days after picked.
   2.Rambutan Aceh Lebak Bulus tall trees and dense fruit with the average yield per tree 160-170 tie, red fruit peel yellow, smooth, sweet-sour taste of fresh water and plenty of power savings ngelotok 4 days after picking, the fruit is resistant in transportation.
   3.Rambutan Cimacan, less dense fruit with an average yield per tree belt 90-170, colored yellowish red to dark red, coarse hair, and rather rare, sweet, slightly watery but less resistant in transport.
   4. Rambutan Binjai which is one of the best in Indonesia and the fruit is quite large, with a blood red color to dark red hair is rather coarse and sparse fruit, sweet with a little sour, not thick as aceh lebak hasilbuah machinations but ngelotok flesh.
   5. Rambutan sinyonya, rambutan this type of dense fruit and much liked, especially the Chinese, with strong stems suitable for grafted, dark red fruit skin color to red wine, with silky hair and tight, sweet fruit taste sour, lots of watery, mushy and not ngelotok .
   In Indonesia rambutan fruit crops purposely cultivated for its fruit that have utilized nutrient, starch, a type of sugar that is easily dissolved in water, protein substances and amino acids, fatty acids, enzymes, essential and nonessential, vitamins and macro minerals, micro- a healthy family, but there are also people who use as temporary shade trees in the yard, as an ornamental plant.

   REGIONAL INVESTMENT
In Indonesia, which became centers of cultivation in Java, especially rambutan is a very large production of fruits such as rambutan in Bekasi, Kuningan, Malang, Probolinggo, Lumajang and Garut.

FRUIT ORIGINAL INDONESIA

D U R I A N

( Bombaceae sp. )

1. A BRIEF HISTORY
 Durian is a fruit of the tree. The name probably derived from the durian is the Malay term of a given word thorn suffix-an, so a durian. This word is primarily used to refer to fruit whose skin is a sharp thorn. Durian plants from forests of Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo in the form of wild plants. Westward spread of durian is to Thailand, Burma, India and Pakistan. Durian fruit has been known in Southeast Asia since the 7th century AD Another name durian is duren (Java, Gayo), duriang (Manado), dulian (Toraja), rulen (East Seram).

 2. TYPE OF PLANT
 Durian crops including cotton tree family Bombaceae-kapukan countrymen. Durian is commonly known plants of the genus (genus) Durio, sia, Lahia, Boschia and Coelostegia. There are dozens of durian which recognized excellence by the Ministry of Agriculture and distributed to the community to be developed. Kinds of durian varieties are: durian breadfruit (Central Java), Petruk (Central Java), sitokong (Betawi), Simas (Bogor), Sunan (Jepara), Otong (Thailand), Kani (Thailand), sidodol (South Kalimantan), sijapang (Betawi) and sihijau (South Kalimantan).

 3. BENEFIT PLANT 
 Benefits of durian than as food and other processed fresh fruit, there are benefits from other parts, namely: Plants as a deterrent erosion in sloping lands. Stalks for building materials / home furnishings. Commensurate with the durian wood wood because the wood tends sengon straight. Seeds that have a high enough starch content, potentially as an alternative to food (can be mixed with fruit pulp). The skin is used as a good scrub ash, with. way up to dry sun-dried and burned to pieces.

 4. INVESTMENT CENTER
 In Indonesia, there are durian plants across Java and Sumatra. While in Kalimantan and Irian Jaya are generally only found in the woods, along the river. In the world, durian plants spread throughout Southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka, South India to New Guenea. Specifically in Southeast Asia, durian grown in intensive plantations are maintained by the state of Thailand. Total production of durian in the Philippines is 16 700 tonnes (2030 ha), in Malaysia 262 000 tonnes (42,000 ha) in Thailand and 444 500 tonnes (84 700 ha) in 1987-1988. In Indonesia in the same year produced 199 361 tonnes (41 284 ha) and in 1990 produced 275 717 tonnes (45 372 ha).

 5. GROWING CONDITIONS
 5.1. Climate
 Rainfall for the maximum crop durian 3000-3500 mm / year and a minimum of 1500-3000 mm / year. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with drought 1-2 months prior to flowering is better than continuous rain. Light intensity required durian is 60-80%. As a child (newly planted in the garden), durian plants can not stand the sun in the dry season, so the seedlings should be protected / shaded. Durian plants suited to the average temperature of 20 ° C-30 ° C. At 15 ° C durian to grow but the growth is not optimal. When the temperature reached 35 ° C the leaves will burn.

 5.2. Planting Media 
 Durian crop requires fertile soil (soil rich in organic matter). Preparation of the soil particles balance between sand, clay and dust making it easy to form crumbs. Of land suitable for durian is the type of soil and ondosol grumosol. Land that has the characteristics of black and dark gray, topsoil structure bebutir items, while the bottom of the clotted, and the high water binding capacity. The desired degree of acidity of the soil are plant durian (pH) 5-7, with optimum pH 6 to 6.5. Durian plants including perennials with roots in, it takes the water content into the ground with enough, (50-150 cm) and (150-200 cm). If the depth of ground water is too shallow / deep, sweet fruit flavors are not / will plant drought / root rot caused by always flooded.

 5.3. Place an altitude
 Altitude for durian planting should not exceed 800 m asl. But there is also a suitable plant durian planted in various heights. Hilly land / the slope is less than 15 is less practical than the average flat land.
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